Study Finds Prostate Cancer Screening Cuts Deaths by 13%

A major European study published in the New England Journal of Medicine suggests that prostate cancer screening can reduce deaths by 13%, strengthening the case for a UK screening program. The research, involving 162,000 men across eight countries over 23 years, found that one prostate cancer death was prevented for every 456 men invited for screening and for every 12 diagnosed cases. Experts say the results are comparable to those from breast and bowel cancer screening programs.

While the study highlights a more favorable harm-to-benefit ratio than previously thought, concerns remain about overdiagnosis, unnecessary biopsies, and overtreatment. Researchers advocate for a more targeted approach—focusing on higher-risk groups, such as Black men and those with a family history—rather than universal screening.

Prostate cancer screening typically uses the PSA blood test, which is not routinely offered on the NHS, though men over 50 can request it. Experts noted that modern diagnostic tools, such as MRI before biopsy and improved treatment options, can reduce the risks of side effects like incontinence.

The UK National Screening Committee is expected to decide later this year whether to introduce prostate cancer screening. Meanwhile, NICE has approved new treatment options, including abiraterone for advanced prostate cancer.