Association of Overactive Bladder With Fall Risk Among US Adults Aged 20-69 Years

Understanding the Link Between Overactive Bladder and Fall Risk in Adults

Objective of the Study

Falls are a leading cause of morbidity and loss of independence in adults. The connection between overactive bladder (OAB) and fall risk has not been thoroughly explored. This study evaluates the relationship between OAB and fall history in a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 20-69 years.

Methods Used in the Research

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 20-69 years from the 2021-2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). OAB was classified using a composite symptom severity score that assessed urge urinary incontinence and nocturia. Fall history was assessed through self-reporting, where a recent fall was defined as experiencing at least one fall within the past year. We used survey multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for the association between fall history and OAB after controlling for sociodemographic and clinical covariates.

Results of the Study

Among 4,118 participants, the population-weighted prevalence of OAB was 19.6% (standard error [SE]: 1.1%), while the prevalence of a recent fall was 28.3% (SE: 1.3%). The prevalence of a recent fall was notably higher among those with OAB (39.7% [SE: 1.6%] vs. 25.7% [SE: 1.5%]). Furthermore, the prevalence of a recent fall increased progressively with OAB symptom severity. Specifically, it was 24.3% in those with no symptoms and rose to 52.4% in those with severe symptoms. In the fully adjusted model, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical covariates, OAB was independently associated with a 42% higher odds of experiencing a recent fall (aOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.83; p = 0.01).

Conclusion of the Findings

OAB is independently associated with an increased risk of a recent fall in US adults aged 20-69 years. There is a strong positive relationship between OAB severity and fall risk. These findings suggest that screening for OAB may be a useful adjunct to fall risk assessment. Future studies are needed to determine whether OAB management can reduce the risk of falls.

Implications for Healthcare Professionals

Understanding the link between OAB and fall risk is crucial for healthcare professionals. By recognizing this association, we can better assess fall risk in patients with OAB. This knowledge can lead to improved management strategies and potentially reduce fall incidents.

Recommendations for Patients

If you experience symptoms of OAB, it is essential to discuss them with your healthcare provider. Managing OAB effectively may not only improve your quality of life but could also reduce your risk of falls.

Further Research Directions

Future research should focus on whether effective management of OAB can lead to a decrease in fall risk. Longitudinal studies could provide deeper insights into this relationship and help develop targeted interventions.

Linder BJ, Miller LE, Bhattacharyya S, Noblett KL, Turner E, Copeland S, Ketchandji MN. Association of Overactive Bladder With Fall Risk Among US Adults Aged 20-69 Years. Neurourol Urodyn. 2026 Mar 19. doi: 10.1002/nau.70270. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41858015.

In conclusion, the connection between OAB and fall risk is significant. By understanding this relationship, we can take proactive steps to enhance patient care and safety.